NEW DELHI: As India accelerates its ambitious ethanol blending program, aiming to increase the proportion of ethanol in petrol beyond the current E20 standard, a growing chorus of concerns is emerging from vehicle owners, particularly those operating older models. The government’s drive to reduce crude oil imports and enhance energy security by promoting biofuels is facing scrutiny over the potential impact on the longevity and performance of vehicles not originally designed for higher ethanol concentrations.
The transition from E10 to E20, which has become the nationwide standard, has already presented challenges for many vehicle owners, especially those with cars and two-wheelers manufactured before 2023. Reports indicate a noticeable drop in fuel efficiency, with mileage decreasing by approximately 1% to 4%, and in some cases up to 6-7%, for older vehicles. This reduction in mileage, attributed to ethanol’s lower energy density compared to petrol, translates into increased running costs for consumers.
Beyond fuel efficiency, the more significant worry revolves around the material compatibility of older vehicles with higher ethanol blends. Ethanol is known to be corrosive and can degrade rubber and plastic components within the fuel system, including fuel lines, seals, and gaskets. This degradation can lead to swelling, hardening, cracking, and eventual fuel leaks, posing potential fire hazards. Metal components in older fuel tanks and fuel lines are also susceptible to corrosion, particularly in the presence of moisture, which ethanol readily absorbs.
Mechanics across the country have reported an increase in complaints related to starting troubles, rough idling, and clogged fuel filters among owners of pre-E20-compliant vehicles. Some suggest that components previously requiring replacement annually may now need attention every six months. The potential for increased wear and tear on engines and fuel systems could lead to substantial additional expenses for owners of older vehicles, with estimates ranging from ₹500 to ₹2,500 for two-wheeler owners and ₹5,000 to ₹10,000 for four-wheeler owners for increased maintenance and repairs.
The government, through the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG), has largely sought to allay these fears, terming concerns as “largely unfounded” and not backed by adequate scientific evidence. Studies by automotive research bodies in India, such as the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), have indicated that while minimal issues with some rubber components in older cars might arise, these can be easily addressed during normal maintenance. The ministry also points to Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) specifications and Automotive Industry Standards (AIS) that include corrosion inhibitors and compatible fuel system materials for E20. Newer vehicles, particularly those manufactured after April 2023, are designed to be E20-compliant.
However, critics and consumer groups argue that the rapid pace of the ethanol blending rollout has left many consumers, especially those relying on older vehicles, feeling shortchanged. Unlike in countries like Brazil, where consumers can often choose between different fuel blends, Indian petrol pumps primarily offer E20. This lack of choice forces owners of older vehicles to use fuel that may not be entirely compatible, potentially voiding warranties and leading to unforeseen repair costs.
The government’s push for higher ethanol blends, including proposals to recognize E85 and 100% ethanol fuels, signifies a long-term strategy to bolster India’s energy independence and support the agricultural sector by creating demand for crop-based ethanol. This strategy aims to significantly reduce the nation’s reliance on imported crude oil, a critical goal given global energy market volatilities. The exemption of higher ethanol-petrol blends (22%-30% ethanol) from central excise duty further underscores this commitment.
Despite government assurances and ongoing research, the immediate future for owners of older, non-E20-compliant vehicles remains a source of anxiety. The debate highlights a critical need for clearer communication, greater consumer choice in fuel options, and robust support mechanisms to ensure that India’s transition to greener fuels does not disproportionately burden a significant segment of its vehicle-owning population.
The Chenab Times News Desk