Remembering Hazrat Ali: Martyrdom on 21st Ramadan, 40 AH

Today, on the 21st of Ramadan, Muslims around the world commemorate the martyrdom of Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib, cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Hazrat Ali (A.S), revered as the fourth Caliph of Islam and the first Shia Imam, was a towering figure in Islamic history. He was a close confidant of the Prophet, a renowned scholar, and a courageous warrior. After the Prophet’s passing, Hazrat Ali played a pivotal role in establishing the Islamic community.

A Life of Devotion

Born inside the holy Kaaba in Mecca, Hazrat Ali is believed to be the only person to have such an honor. He embraced Islam in its earliest days and remained a steadfast supporter of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) throughout his life. His loyalty earned him the title “Lion of Allah.”

Hazrat Ali was known for his deep knowledge of Islam, his piety, and his commitment to justice. He served as a trusted advisor to the Prophet and a fierce defender of the faith.

The Tragedy of 19th Ramadan

In 40 AH (661 CE), during the holy month of Ramadan, tragedy struck. On the 19th of Ramadan, while leading the morning prayer at the Great Mosque of Kufa (present-day Iraq), Hazrat Ali was attacked by a Kharijite dissident, Ibn Muljam. Ibn Muljam struck Hazrat Ali with a poisoned sword, inflicting a fatal wound.

Hazrat Ali succumbed to his injuries two days later, on the 21st of Ramadan. His martyrdom marked a significant turning point in Islamic history and continues to be mourned by Muslims worldwide.

Who are Kharijite?

The Kharijites were a radical sect that emerged during the early years of Islam, specifically during the First Fitna, a period of civil war following the death of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Initially, they were supporters of Hazrat Ali in his claim to the Caliphate. However, a key disagreement arose during the Battle of Siffin in 657 CE.

When Ali agreed to settle the conflict with his rival, Muawiyah, through arbitration, the Kharijites saw this as a betrayal of Islamic principles. They believed that “judgment belongs to God alone,” and that resorting to human intervention was wrong. This disagreement led them to break away from Ali and declare him a sinner for compromising his beliefs.

The Kharijites held a very strict interpretation of Islam. They believed that any Muslim who committed a grave sin, including leaders like Ali in their view, could be declared an unbeliever and even killed. This extremist viewpoint placed them at odds with both Ali and the majority of Muslims who held more moderate views. Their actions, including the assassination of Ali, remain a controversial chapter in Islamic history.

A Legacy of Knowledge and Justice

Hazrat Ali’s legacy extends far beyond his role in early Islamic history. He is revered as a fountain of knowledge and a champion for justice, leaving behind a rich tapestry of teachings that continue to guide Muslims today.

He was renowned for his profound understanding of the Quran. He was present for many of the revelations received by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and possessed a deep insight into their meaning. A narration attributed to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Sahih al-Bukhari states, “Ali is the most knowledgeable of my companions regarding legal matters.” This hadith highlights Hazrat Ali’s exceptional grasp of Islamic jurisprudence.

Hazrat Ali’s knowledge wasn’t confined to himself. He actively imparted his wisdom to others, becoming a prominent teacher and mentor. Many prominent scholars of the early Islamic era, including Ibn Abbas and Jabir ibn Abdullah, sought knowledge from him. His teachings covered various aspects of Islam, from Quranic interpretation to legal rulings.

He was a champion for justice throughout his life. He believed in upholding the rights of all, regardless of their social status. A narration in Sunan al-Tirmidhi describes him saying, “Justice is to place things in their rightful places.” This principle guided his actions, ensuring fairness and equality within the Muslim community.

His commitment to justice wasn’t just theoretical. He led by example, ensuring just treatment for all. A narration in Musnad Ahmad describes an incident where he ordered a wealthy man to return a piece of armor to a less fortunate person who had rightfully claimed ownership. This exemplifies his dedication to upholding the law, regardless of social standing.

Hazrat Ali was particularly concerned with protecting the vulnerable members of society. He advocated for the rights of orphans, widows, and the marginalized. A narration in Al-Muwatta describes him advising people, “Take care of the weak among you.” This highlights his compassion and commitment to social justice.

He placed great emphasis on living a life of integrity. A narration in Nahj al-Balagha, a collection of his sayings, states, “The strongest person is the one who controls his own anger.” This quote emphasizes self-control and ethical conduct, principles that were central to his life.

He encouraged the pursuit of knowledge throughout one’s life. A narration in Kanz al-Ummal, a hadith collection, quotes him saying, “A wise man seeks knowledge even from his enemy.” This emphasizes the importance of being open to learning from all sources.

He valued reason and logic alongside faith. A narration in Al-Ghurar, a collection of his sayings, states, “Think before you speak, and consider the consequences of your words.” This quote highlights his emphasis on thoughtful action and informed decision-making.

He encouraged introspection and self-reflection. A narration in Al-Amthal wa al-Hikam, a collection of his proverbs, states, “Whoever knows himself knows his Lord.” This emphasizes the importance of understanding oneself as a path to deeper spiritual knowledge.

Hazrat Ali’s legacy of knowledge and justice transcends sectarian lines. His teachings serve as a valuable source of guidance for Muslims of all denominations. By studying his life and words, Muslims can gain valuable insights into Islamic principles and strive to live a just and meaningful life.